Engine.



G. H. KABMMERLING.

ENGINE.

'. APPLICATION FILED APR. 19, 1918.

Patented Mar; 10, 1914 invenjgor Cu'stav H .KaeininerlinQ Hi5 (AttorneyI 212; "(117mm mam GUSTA B FEED STATES'JPATENT'OFFICE.

mnmnnnnine, on ERIE, rnniisrnvnnrg AssiGNo'n. To ENERAL nnncrmc oom'ANY,A'oonrom rron ornnw 203K.

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1 ene s use; a' citizeno'fthe United States, residing at Erie, in theCounty of Erie andStatelof' I Pennsylvania,.: -ha've- "invented certainnew and -u'seful-'[Improvements in Engines, of

which-"the? following ;is"a"specific ation.'

a 1 land. more especially to internal combustion; 10'

- Thea-present'iinvention relates to engines,

engines operatin on these-called high compression plan, w erein fuel isinjected into a body .of highly compressed air whose tom-I p'eratureis'above the ignition temperature v The obj of my'invention is toimprove the constructionand operation of engines, and'more espeoially'ofinternal combustion.

'en rin'es of'the character specified] I fine of the improvements isattainedby 'so combinin'g andarranging the moving parts that thestresses'exertediby one part.

arebalanced by another part without such: stresses being -transmitted tothecrank-shaftbearings as is customary.

A second and very important improve- .ment arising from the first isthat the length of. the cngine'for a given output is de-' i In theaccompany ng creased. I, rangement of the cranks on the-main shaft andof the connecting rods as will appear here'inafter; For a considerationofwhat I beheve to drawings, Figure 1 is a view in side GlGWltlOIl of athree cylinder internal combustion engine; Fig. 2 1s a transversesectionof the same; Fig. 3 is a plan view of the engine, and Fig. l is a detailview of abridge member for reducing the side thrusts of the pistons onthe outside cylinders.

5 indicates the base of the enginewhich may be of any. suitableconstruction. It is provided'with bearings for the main shaft- 7 saidshaft being bvided with three cranks '8. Mounted-on top of the base arethree vertically disposed cylinders 9, 10 and 11. Each cylinder isprovided with exhaust ports 12 and scavenging ports 13 controlled by thepistons. Fuel is admltted to-the co'mbustion spa'c'e ofthe cylinder byone or more injectors 14 ',.-,-whieh ma be of any suitable.eonstructloh'. B yerence the injectors This decrease is'd'ue to the 'ar.to two diagonalrods, one being Patented Mar. 10,1914.

used fornforcing the fuel into the" combus- I are ofthe' type in-whichcompressed airis GUs'rAv H. KAEMM RH p t1on.-- space against thecompression pressure due to the action of the pistons..- On

that the engine" operateson the two-cycle h gh oompression plan.Considered with re ation to the main shaft,-each cylinder is providedwith-an inner piston 15 and outer ,perature of the fuel; Thus it'willbeseen piston 16. Connected .toithe inner pistons 1 are cr0ss-hea ds'"17 and' to' the outer pistons are cross-heads .18, said cross-headsextending -transversely of the engine.- The inner piston of thecentral-cylinder is connected to the outer pistons oftheoutsi'de'cylinders 9 and '11 by diagonally extending connecting rods19 and 20 arrangedin pairs both in front and in the rear of thecylinders.

The outerpiston'iof the central cylinder is connect'ed bydiagonally-extendin and 22 with the inner pistons of t e'outsidecylinders 9' and 11' 'also1arranged in pairs both :in front and in therear of the cylinders'." The upper. ends of these rods are rods 21anchored in the cross-heads 18 and" the pistons of-the three cylindersare connect lower endsin the cross heads 17 The inner 24 and 25. Thecross-heads are guided in their vertical movements by guides 26 whicheither form continuationsof the'cylinder or are Secured to some part ofthe engine frame.

It ,will be," noted that each of the center cross-heads is connected totwo pairs of diagonally extending rods, one pair of rods being in' frontand the other in' the rear of the cylinders, whereas each of thecrossheads ofthe outside cylinders is-connected in front and the otherin the rear of the cy inders. arrangement has the advantage ofsimplicity of construction and a decreased number of part-s.

This

In such an engine it necessary, if the. bestrsults are to be obtained,to su'pply air for scavenging purposes undera relatively low pressure.

To this end I provide for reciprocating pumps '27, each'of whichcomprises a cylinder 28 and a piston29. The

pistons are actuated by rods that are connected to extensions 30-ofthetw outsid'e r ss-heads; 17, .1hese pumps are arranged todeliver airto'the chambers 31 which are in communication, with the chambers 32 thatsurround the scavengingports 13. In order to simplify the illustration-I have omitted the valve mechanism of these pumps, but. it.

is to' be understood that they will; be 'pro-, vided with such mechanismof any'suitable construction. I have referred to these pumpsas'being-utilized to supply air for scavenging purposes,- but one or moreof said jccting fuel into'the combustion space between the pistons,subject to the control of any suitable form "of valve mechanism. Thesepumps in addition to serving as such alsov assist in balancingltheweights of the various parts oi. the engine. 1 Referring to Fig. {i Ihave shown a bridge piece or member 33 which is arranged to connect theoutside crossheads 18 so as to prevent side thrusts on the cross-heads,due

- to the diagonal relation of the connectingrods, from being transmittedto the guide 26. I may use. these bridge members on themner as well asthe outer cross-heads, all said members being so shaped as not tointerfere with-the movements of'the cross-heads and rods'attached tojthepistons of the central cylinderl 4 It is important to. arrange thediagonally extendin connecting rods both in the front and in t e rearofthe cylinders because in this manner the stresses on the parts willbea vertical cylinder engine, but it is to be -ununiformly.distributed'thus avoiding objectionable thrust on the cylinder walls,crossheads and associated parts.

I have shownmy invention as applied to derstood that the cylinders maybe disposed horizontally; or in any other desired position. however, asbeing the preferred one.

I am aware that both steam-and internalcombustion engines have;heretofore been proposed having two cylinders arranged side by side,each cylinder having oppositelymoving pistons, the inner piston in each.

then on the other. In my improved engirie this hearing stress is avoidedop the workmg stroke because as the pistons in the central cylindermoveapart those in theouter .cylinders approach ea other and hence thestresses are transmitted-not to the bearings, but to the main shaft.When the pistons'in the two outside cylinders move apart shaft bearingsare, by reason of the conpumps may be employed 'to supply high pressureair to the injectors l t-for in-' it is objectionable it can be avoidedor -tions for which my engine is'intendedx,

I'regard the verticalarrangement,

on .the working stroke, those in the central cylinder approach eachother and again the stresses; are transmitted. through :the main shaftand not to the bearings. To'state the matter briefly in another way, themain struction described, unloaded on each working strokeinstead ofbeing loaded as heretofore. irIn any two cylinder arrangementhavingoppositely moving pistons with di- .agona or equivalentconnecting-rods be-- tween istons of adjacent cylinders first one maincaring and then the other will,be loaded. In'the engine described hereinthere is a greater turning moment on the shaft due to the pistons of theoutside cylinders than to those of the central cylinders, but for certain' classes of Work, notably forheavy traction motor cars, this is notonlyun g5 objectionable but may-in some'cases be ad I 7 vantageous as ittends to prevent periodic engine vibrations from being transmitted tothe vehicle body. In those cases where v largely reduced by making the;diameter of thecentral cylinder greater than that of either of theoutside cylinders.

My improved .engine also has the Nery greatladvantage of being veryshort for the 9 output, a featur'ethat will bizappreciated when it isconsidered that the-savingoi veach footinl shaft length has a-monetaryvalue of approximately $800, in installa' The-decrease in length-of theengine is due to the fact that only three cranks are, used for sixpistons and that they are connected to the cranks by theusual-connecting f rods and by diagonal connecting rods ar- -1 0'5ranged in the manner aforesaid. Thls also permits the cylinders to beplacedside by side in close proximity because space does not have tobeprovided between-them for the rods connecting the outer pistons andthe cranks. v v

In accord-ance'with the provisions of the patent statute's,I'havedescribed the prin-,- .ciple .of operation of my inventiomtogetherwith, the appa'ratuswhich. I now consider to represent the bestembodiment thereof; but Idesire to have it understood that the ap-;paratus shown is only illustrative and that the invention can be carriedout by other means v What-I claim as 'new and desire to secureby LettersPatent of 'thefUnitedStatesis:

1 In an engine, thecombination of three cylinders arranged sideby side,a pair of oppositely moving pistons for each cylinder,"'125 a main'crank shaft, connecting-rodsconnecting the three inner pistons with} theshaft, means connecting the ,inner pigtonio'f thecentral cylinderwith.the two odterpistons of the outside cylinders, means connecting 1'30 theouter piston in the central cylinder with the two inner pistons in'theoutside cylinders, and means admittin motive fluid to the cylinders andexhausting it therefrom. -2. In an internal combustion engine, thecombination of three cylinders arranged side by side, each cylinderhaving scavenging and exhaust -ports,"a pair of oppositely movingpistons located in each cylinder ar- -ranged'to control said ports,means admitting motive fluid to each cylinder between the pistons, 'mainshaft .having three cranks, a connecting rod-between each of the nnerpistons and a crank, a pair of diagopally-arranged rods which connectthe'inper pistomof the central cylinder with the two outer pistons inthe outside cylinders, and a pair of diagonally ar-ranged rods whichconnectthe outer piston of the central cylinder with-the two finnerpistons of the outside cylinders.

' '3. In an engine, the combination of three open ended cylindersarranged sidebyside, each being provided with ports near its outer ends,means admitting motive fluid to each cylinder at'its central part, 'apair of op,-

positely moving-pistons located in each cylin: der and arranged tocontrol its ports, crossheads for said pistons, diagonal rods arrangedin pairs in-the front and in the rear of the cylinders which connect-thecrosshead 'of the central inner piston with the cross-heads of the twoouter pistons of the outside cylinders, and other diagonal rods alsoarrangedin pairsinthe front and in the rear of the cylinders whichconnect the cross-head of the central outer piston with the cross-headsQfithe .i'nner pistons of the two outside cylinders.

r 4. Inairengine, the combination of three cylinders arranged. side byside, a pair of oppositely mpving pistons for each cylinder,

a main crank-shaft, connecting rods connecting the three inner pistonswith 'the' shaft, means connecting the inner piston or thecentralcylinder with the two outer pistons of theoutside cylinders, meansconnecting theouter piston in the central cylinder withr-the two innerpistons in the outside cylinders, a"member connected to pistons of theoutside cylinders to relieve side thrust, and'means for admitting motivefluid to the cylinders and exhausting it therefrom.

5. "1 an internal combustion engine, the combination of three cylindersarranged side by side, each cylinder having exhaust and scavenging portscontrolled by the pistons,

fuel injectors for the cylinders, a pair of oppositely-moving pistons ineach cylinder, a main shaft'having three cranks, rods con- "necting theinner pistons with the cranks,

cross-heads for the pistons, diagonally-extending rods arranged onopposite sides of the cylinders which connect the inner cross-j head ofthe central cylinder with the outer cross-heads oft-he outside.cylinders, other diagonally-extending rods also arranged on oppositesides of the cylinders which conmeet the. outer cross-head of thecentral oppositely moving pistons'in each cylinder, 6

bearings therefor, cross-heads, for "each of the pistons, connectingrods uniting the in- .ner cross-heads with the cranks, pairs of rodsarranged in front and in back of the cylinders, each pair. beingconnected to the .same inner central cross-head at one end and to theoutside upper-cross-heads at; the other, pairsofrods also arranged in:front and in back or the cylinders, each pairbeing connected'to thesame outer central cross heads at one -end and t0 the outside -lowercross-heads at the other, and guides: iorcross-heads. a

.. I witness whereofi I have ihereunto set my hand'this seventeenth dayofApril, 1%13.

. vorUsThv n.- KAEMMERLING.

lVitnesses: p i V I B.-H.AfRNoLn,'

HnRMan'N LEMP.

